Argentina Legalizes Abortion

Argentina’s Congress has legalised abortions up to the 14th week of pregnancy, with the Senate approving the measure by a vote of 38-29. Prior to the vote, abortion was only allowed in the case of rape or a threat to the mother’s health. This is a ground-breaking legislation as Latin America has some of the world’s strictest termination laws, due at least partially to the strong influence of the Catholic Church in the region. The bill was supported by centre-left President Alberto Fernández.

Demonstrators in favour of legalizing abortion react after the senate passed an abortion bill, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 30, 2020.
Pro-choice activists celebrate in the streets. Photo courtesy of Reuters.

According to the BBC, pro-choice activists hope the legalization of abortion in Argentina, which is one of the largest and most influential countries in the region, will inspire other Latin American countries to follow suit. Currently, abortions are completely banned in El Salvador, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic and are only allowed in restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations. Only Uruguay, Cuba, Guyana and parts of Mexico currently allow women to the option of elective abortion.

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According to the BBC,

President Fernández had made reintroducing it one of his campaign promises. “I’m Catholic but I have to legislate for everyone,” he argued.

The president also said providing free and legal abortions up to the 14th week of pregnancy was a matter of public health as “every year around 38,000 women” are taken to hospital due to clandestine terminations and that “since the restoration of democracy [in 1983] more than 3,000 have died”.

Vilma Ibarra, who drafted the law, was overcome with emotion as she spoke to reporters after it passed. “Never again will there be a woman killed in a clandestine abortion,” she said, crying.

While abortion continues to be one of the most contentious bioethical issues worldwide, there is wide support among bioethicists that the foundational principle of autonomy, which allows each person to choose and refuse medical treatment and decide what happens to their own body, provides support for the permissibility and legality of abortion.

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